The OS converts the scancode into a specific binary character code using a 'scancode to character' conversion table, called the keyboard mapping table. Modern computer keyboards are designed to send a scancode to the operating system (OS) when a key is pressed or released: this code reports only the key's row and column, not the specific character engraved on that key. Functional layout is the arrangement of the key-meaning association or keyboard mapping, determined in software, of all the keys of a keyboard: it is this (rather than the legends) that determines the actual response to a key press. Visual layout is the arrangement of the legends (labels, markings, engravings) that appear on those keys.

Physical layout is the actual positioning of keys on a keyboard. A keyboard layout is any specific physical, visual or functional arrangement of the keys, legends, or key-meaning associations (respectively) of a computer keyboard, mobile phone, or other computer-controlled typographic keyboard.

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